Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in. Article highlymultifunctionaldopaminefunctionalized. Graphene oxide go, product numbers 763705 and 777676 is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in. This graphene material is called reduced graphene oxide, often abbreviated to rgo.
Reduced graphene oxide as saturable absorbers for erdoped passively modelocked fiber laser grzegorz sobon, 1, jaroslaw sotor, 1 joanna jagiello,2 rafal kozinski,2 mariusz zdrojek, 3 marcin holdynski, 4 piotr paletko, 5 jakub boguslawski, 1 ludwika lipinska, 2 and krzysztof m. As mentioned above, go is reduced to obtain rgo figure 1. The thermal properties and morphology of graphene and graphene oxide have been investigated. Study of reduced graphene oxide preparation by hummers. Reduced graphene oxide an overview sciencedirect topics. Graphite oxide has a similar layered structure to graphite. Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and. The dispersibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in various solvents has also been discussed. Atomic structure of reduced graphene oxide maxplanckinstitut. A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate. However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to disperse due to its tendency to create aggregates. Similar efforts are now being devoted to making the integration of graphene into devices technologically feasible710.
The effectiveness of this oxidation process can be evaluated by the magnitude of carbonoxygen ratio of the obtained graphene. The reduced graphene oxide was isolated from the reduced graphene oxide polyethyleneterephthalate composite and characterized by thermogravimetry, xray photoelectron spectroscopy and xray diffraction methods. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Ion storage enhancement in sb2o3reduced graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide for roomtemperature gas sensors. The techniques applied for the preparation of graphite oxide 12 and its further reduction to reduced graphene oxide affect the properties of these materials, due to the presence of additional. In the case of graphene oxide go the spacing is typically at least twice larger due to the presence of oxide groups intercalating between the graphene. Reduced graphene oxide and its natural counterpart. Here, we report a solutionbased method that allows uniform and controllable deposition of reduced graphene oxide thin.
Sigmaaldrich offers a number of reduced graphene oxide products. Pdf this paper describes a novel approach to the preparation of reduced graphene oxide and its dispersions in organic solvents. It has been proposed as a promising new material due to its outstanding physical properties such as high electron mobility, thermal conductivity. Quasisolid state rechargeable naco2 batteries with. Reducing graphene oxide to produce reduced graphene oxide hitherto referred to as rgo, is an extremely vital process as it has a large impact on the quality of the rgo produced, and therefore will determine how close rgo will come, in terms of structure, to pristine graphene. Preparation of reduced graphene oxide aerogel and its. Although graphite oxide is a multilayer system, monolayer flakes and fewlayer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. All reduced graphene oxides were examined by the same methods as those employed for the graphite oxides, and xrd measurements were performed first.
Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced. Reduced graphene oxide rgo is the form of go that is processed by chemical, thermal and other methods in order to reduce the oxygen content, while graphite oxide is a material produced by oxidation of graphite which leads to increased interlayer spacing and functionalization of the basal planes of graphite. Rgo and it exhibits better electrochemical performance using an ether. However, very little is known regarding the chemically induced reduction method of graphene oxide go in both solution. Nanoscale tunable reduction of graphene oxide for graphene. Reduced graphene oxide membranes for ultrafast organic. This work compares the properties of go and rgo with graphite. The detailed synthesis steps have been reported earlier.
Graphite oxide has a similar layered structure to graphite, but the plane of carbon. Electrical and thermal conductivities of reduced graphene. Pdf graphene has attracted great interest for its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. An ultradense nis2reduced graphene oxide composite. Recently, graphene oxide go or reduced graphene oxide rgo has demonstrated electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties 21, 22. The raw material graphite, graphite oxide, and reduced graphene oxide were characterized by xray diffraction.
Synthesis of graphene oxide scientific research publishing. This paper describes a novel approach to the preparation of reduced graphene oxide and its dispersions in organic solvents. Reduced graphene oxide triggered epithelialmesenchymal. The use of a nanocomposite consisting of polystyrene sulfonate pss and nanosheets of reduced graphene oxide rgo as an artificial enzyme enables highly sensitive. By reducing graphene oxide, these oxidized functional groups are removed, to obtain a graphene material. We report on a means to tune the topographical and electrical properties of reduced go rgo with nanoscopic resolution by local thermal reduction of go with a heated atomic force microscope tip. Lutkenhaus1,2 4 summary batteries and supercapacitors that possess the mechanical properties of struc. Here, raphene oxide g go was prepared by oxidizing the purified natural flake graphite nfgby a mo dified hummers method. Teller surface area, and scanning electron microscopy. Article highlymultifunctionaldopaminefunctionalized reduced graphene oxide supercapacitors paraskevi flouda, 1smit a. Natural rubber reduced graphene oxide rgo composite development abstract in recent years, graphene based nanofillers have gathered attention worldwide academically and in industry. Oxidative stressmediated antibacterial activity of.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo in pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structural parameters of the rgos are shown in table 6. Graphene oxide is a form of graphene that includes oxygen functional groups, and has interesting properties that can be different than those of graphene. Preparation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Nowadays, in addition to reduction from go, graphene can be produced by. This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a lowcost manufacturing method. Here, a new synthetic strategy is proposed for fabricating a monolithic and highdensity nis 2 reduced graphene oxide nis 2 rgo composite cathode, simultaneously achieving both high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. On the other hand, reduced graphene oxide rgo is an atomthick 2d carbon nanomaterial, exhibiting excellent tolerance to organic solvents and harsh chemical environments. Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure.
The main ingredient for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide is graphene oxide. A labelfree biosensor based on graphene and reduced. Furthermore, we observe that they introduce significant inplane distortions and strain in the surrounding lattice. Results of the reduced graphene oxide measurements. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. Applications of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Waferscale films as thin as 4 nm are sufficiently robust that they can be delaminated intact and resuspended on a bed of pillars or field of holes. Graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo are known to have superior properties for various applications. But much higher amount of graphene oxide can leads to incomplete reduction and thus bad quality final product. Graphene oxide go was synthesized by exfoliating graphite powder using modified hummers method and was reduced chemically using 50 mm nabh 4 solution for 2 h. Graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide have been prepared and characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques.
Characterization of graphite oxide and reduced graphene. The anode is fabricated by anchoring sb 2 o 3 onto reduced graphene oxide sb 2 o 3. In this study, reduced graphene oxide rgo aerogels were successfully prepared using a facile hydrothermal method and determined with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, xray di. Reduced graphene oxide by chemical graphitization nature.
The modification of duallayer with 1pyrenebutyric acid nhydroxysuccinimide ester pyrnhs is achieved to facilitate immobilization of h31l21 antibody. Starting from the same graphene oxide, chemical crgo, hydrothermal. Graphene oxide is the oxidized form of graphene produced by oxidizing crystal graphite with a mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate the hummers method. Reduced graphene oxides rgos have attracted considerable interest, given their potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits. Following thermal exfoliation and reduction, the 001 band completely disappears. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. Large variety of structure and chemicalcomposition of reduced graphene oxide rgo is explained from a quantumchemical standpoint.
The reduced form of graphene oxide go is an attractive alternative to graphene for producing largescale flexible conductors and for creating devices that require an electronic gap. Structural and electronic properties of graphene oxide and. In this work, we used a novel reducing agent, betamercaptoethanol bme, for synthesis of graphene to avoid the use of toxic materials. Nanotechnology reduced graphene oxide for roomtemperature gas sensors to cite this article. Thanks to its excellent electrical conductivity, the product is used in a number of research projects. The degree of reduction of graphene oxide will signi. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Selective determination of ammonia, ethanol and acetone by.
Graphene is defined as a singleatomthick sheet of monocrystalline graphite with sp 2bonded carbon atoms packed densely in a twodimensional2d honeycomb lattice network. The excellent mechanical and electronic properties of the resulting materials are highlighted with a forward outlook on their applications. For example, it is known that the carbon to oxygen atomic ratio and electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide varies depending on chemical identity of the. The process started with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into graphite oxide by modified hummers method, followed by the exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using the ultrasound frequency from a laboratory ultrasonic bath. A green approach for decarboxylative csp3h activation of proline amino acid was accomplished by coupling with aldehydes and alkynes to afford. We report a process to form largearea, fewmonolayer graphene oxide films and then recover the outstanding mechanical properties found in graphene to fabricate high youngs modulus 185 gpa, lowdensity nanomechanical resonators. It can be produced by micromechanical exfoliation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition, and the reduction of graphene oxide go. Technical graphene reduced graphene oxide and its natural. Structurally, graphene oxide can be visualized as a graphene sheet with its basal plane decorated by oxygencontaining. The result shows that graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have successfully been synthesized.
As much concentration we take initially, that much amount rgo we get at the end of the process. Paper open access synthesis and characterization of. Some other names have also been given to rgo, such as functionalized graphene, chemically modified graphene, chemically converted graphene, or reduced. Characterization of graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide. This process is carried out thermally, chemically, or through ir or uv irradiation to obtain a powder form. Ganhua lu et al 2009 nanotechnology 20 445502 view the article online for updates and enhancements. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene like materials, is also discussed. Natural flake graphite nfg was procured from loba chemie india having a mean size of 60 mesh and purity of 98%. Facile and effective synthesis of reduced graphene oxide. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide rgo from graphene. Graphene has attracted great interest for its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod.
The chemical reduction of graphene oxide go is the most promising and effective method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide rgo because of its relatively large scale and low cost. The applications of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the production of sensors is also a very promising. Since a part of polymer could not be removed from reduced graphene oxide particles by trifluoroacetic acid, the hypothesis about. The mass production of highquality reduced graphene oxide could aid the scaleup of graphene based technologies.
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